Laparoscopic Surgery
WHAT IS A LAPAROSCOPY? A laparoscopy is a surgical procedure where a telescope-like instrument is put into the woman s abdomen so that the specialist can see the organs inside the pelvis abdomen. In viewing the woman s reproductive organs, it is possible to detect any scarring, endometriosis, or problems in shape or contour. Patency of the fallopian tubes may be checked by the injection of dye through the cervix to see if it passes out of the fimbriated ends of the tubes. The ends of the fallopian tubes are also checked for freedom of movement since the presence of adhesions may hamper the tube in collecting an ovulated egg. REASONS FOR LAPAROSCOPY For diagnostic purposes e.g., pelvic pain, infertility, abdominal pain and suspected ectopic pregnancy, to examine cysts and lumps, to obtain biopsy samples. For sterilisation operations To treat ectopic pregnancy To treat conditions such as pelvic adhesions or endometriosis. Occasionally for Egg Collection Other more complicated operations may also be performed using the laparoscope. If the exploratory or diagnostic procedure indicates that further surgery is necessary this may be performed immediately so as to avoid a return to theatre and another anaesthetic. This generally will have been discussed beforehand. Sometimes other procedures are performed at the same time as laparoscopy, for example a dilation and curettage (D & C), hysteroscopy (an examination of the inside of the uterus) or a tubal patency test (where dye is passed through the fallopian tubes via the uterus to check if the tubes are open). DETAILS ABOUT A LAPAROSCOPY Medication is sometimes given before the anaesthetic (pre medication), to produce relaxation. A general anaesthetic is then given. A small cut is made in the navel and the laparoscope is inserted. Carbon dioxide is introduced to make a space so the pelvic organs can be seen. If required, further instruments may be inserted through small incisions usually near the pubic hair line. These instruments may be used for a surgical procedure such as sterilisation or to move the pelvic organs for a clearer view. When the instruments are removed, the carbon dioxide gas is released and a stitch may be put in each of the small incisions. COMPLICATIONS No surgery is without risk, but the risks associated with laparoscopy are small. Complications such as bleeding within the abdomen or damage to the bowel or adjacent organs occur rarely. Should this happen , further surgery may be required under the same anaesthetic. Anaesthetic risks are greater for women who smoke or who are significantly overweight. RECOVERY Following the operation the woman may experience the following symptoms which may last for a day or two:Fatigue and muscle painPain at the site of the incisionsAn ache in the shoulder area and sometimes under the ribs caused by a small amount of gas remaining under the diaphragm. (This pain usually disappears within 24 hours, as the gas is absorbed)Discomfort similar to menstrual crampsMild bleeding/vaginal discharge for a few daysA sensation of swelling in the abdomenSimple pain relieving tablets may be taken if needed. You will probably require two days off work.DISCHARGE FROM THE HOSPITALThis is usually later the same day, although rarely some people may need to stay overnight. Normal physical and sexual activity may be resumed when bleeding and discomfort have disappeared. Should you require any further information please speak to your gynaecologist before you book your operation.
